Five Nutrients You May Be Missing
You've heard of vitamin C and calcium. But have you gotten the word on all the other nutrients you need for a healthy diet?
Chances are you're not getting enough of some important nutrients -- like these five that get scant attention. You should try to get them from food, but if you think you're falling short, ask your doctor about supplements.
Iron
The name symbolizes strength. Still, up to three out of four adolescent girls and women of childbearing age don't get enough of this vital mineral, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Causes include menstrual bleeding and iron-poor diets, .
Iron is essential to building red blood cells that transport oxygen through your body. It's also important to your immune system and mental faculties.
The amount of iron you need varies widely by age, gender and circumstances. Your body absorbs iron from beef, chicken and fish more easily than iron from egg yolk, cereal, dried beans, peas and dark green leafy vegetables.
Selenium
This antioxidant mineral works with vitamins A, C and E, as well as the mineral zinc, to protect cells from damage. Selenium may help us avoid prostate, colon and lung cancer,
Meats, seafood, grains and seeds offer selenium, but the amount in foods varies widely by region. "The soil content determines the selenium content in foods," Dr. Rosenbloom explains.
You need 55 micrograms (mcg) per day, but don't overdo: More than 400 mcg daily can cause skin inflammation, convulsions and other problems.
Vitamin D
To get enough vitamin D, head outdoors: Your liver makes this vitamin after your skin absorbs sunlight. Foods (with the exception of fish oils and some fatty fish) offer little natural vitamin D, but it's added to milk. Vitamin D helps your body absorb and metabolize calcium, strengthening bones. "It's just as important as calcium," Dr. Rosenbloom says.
A sunscreen of 30 SPF or greater appears to block vitamin D production, she adds. Sunscreen users can absorb vitamin D from milk -- but if you don't drink milk, don't forsake your sunscreen. Ask your doctor what's right for you.
Heed the intake suggestions below. More than 2,000 IU daily can be toxic.
Vitamin K
Vitamin K helps make your blood clot and works with calcium and vitamin D to build strong bones.
Normal bacteria in your digestive system help make vitamin K. "If you're not eating green vegetables, it's difficult to get enough vitamin K," says Susan A. Nitzke, Ph.D., R.D., an assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin. Your body also can make vitamin K from eggs, milk and meat.
Vitamin K can interfere with blood-thinning medications, Dr. Nitzke warns. Talk with your doctor if you're on such medication or you're not sure.
Zinc
Zinc's functions in the body are many and diverse. It is involved in many enzyme and metaloenzymes. Specific functions in humans are difficult to pinpoint but deficiency has been clearly associated with problems such as growth failure, dermatitis, birth defects, decreased sperm production and changes in the competency of the immune system.
Zinc has been popular among supplement users but claims that it shortens colds apprear to be unfounded.
You can find zinc in many foods, including red meat, wheat bran, almonds, peanut butter and tuna. Vegetarians need more zinc than people who eat animal products.
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